Types and structures of large circular knitting machines

Types and structures of large circular knitting machines

Large circular knitting machine, scientific name circular weft knitting machine (or called circular weft knitting machine). Due to the large loop forming system of the large circular knitting machine (called the number of yarn feeding paths in the enterprise, referred to as the number of paths), the speed is high, the output is high, the flower shape changes quickly, the product quality is good, the process is small, and the product adaptability is strong, so the development is very fast. quick.

Circular knitting machines are generally divided into two categories: single-sided series and double-sided series. However, according to the types of fabrics it processes and produces (called jobs in academics. Commonly known as gray cloth in factories), there are the following types.

Section 1 Single-jersey series circular knitting machine
The single-jersey circular knitting machine is a machine with one needle cylinder. Specifically divided into the following categories.

1. Ordinary single jersey circular knitting machine:

Ordinary single-jersey circular knitting machines have more loops (usually 3 to 4 times the diameter of the needle cylinder, that is, 3 loops/25.4mm~4 loops/25.4mm). For example, a 30″ single-jersey machine has 90F~120F, The 34″ single-sided machine has 102~126F roads, etc., with high speed and high output. In some knitting enterprises in our country, it is called multi-triangle machine (mainly Z241 type).
Ordinary single-jersey circular knitting machines have single-track (one track), two-track (two tracks), three-track (three tracks), four-track and six-track models, and are currently used in knitting enterprises. It is a four-needle single-sided circular knitting machine. It uses the organic arrangement and combination of knitting needles and triangles to weave various new fabrics.

2. Single-sided terry machine:

The single-sided terry machine is also called the single-sided towel machine. It has single-needle, double-needle and four-needle models, and has a positive wrapping terry machine (the terry yarn wraps the ground weave yarn inside, that is, the terry yarn is displayed on the front of the fabric, and the two ground weave The yarn is covered inside) and the terry machine (that is, the terry fabric we usually see, the yarn of the ground structure is on the reverse side of the fabric), using the arrangement and combination of sinkers and yarns to weave Production of new fabrics.

3. Three-line weft inserting machine:
The three-thread weft insertion machine is called a sweater machine or a flannelette machine in knitting enterprises. It has single-needle, double-needle and four-needle models, which are used to produce all kinds of napped and non-padded fleece products. He used knitting needles and arranged yarns to produce new types of fabrics.
4. Jacquard single jersey circular knitting machine:
Jacquard single jersey circular knitting machine has two types: small jacquard machine and large jacquard machine.

1. Small single jacquard circular knitting machine:
Small jacquard knitting circular knitting machine is called mechanical jacquard machine in knitting enterprises. It is simple, convenient and fast to change varieties, but the speed is low and the output is low. It has several types of jacquard wheel type (commonly known as faceplate type), pick type (swing type), drum type, insert type, etc. It is used to weave and produce various single-sided small jacquard fabrics. It has ordinary single-sided, ordinary terry , sweater, ring transfer and other small jacquard machines.

2. Large single jacquard circular knitting machine:
Large single-sided jacquard knitting circular knitting machine is commonly known as computer jacquard circular knitting machine, because it inserts the designed floppy disk into the computer and enters the program to carry out knitting production, so it is also called fool’s circular knitting machine. The machine adopts computer program to select knitting needles for knitting, non-knitting and tucking. ), used to weave knitted fabrics with large patterns, and can change the color of the yarn. There are four colors, five colors, six colors and eight colors that can change each other, with large jacquard single side, jacquard hair Jacquard machines for rings, jacquard sweaters, transfer rings, etc.
The computerized jacquard knitting machine greatly shortens the product design cycle, reduces the product cost of the large circular knitting machine, greatly improves the product quality, improves the economic and social benefits of the enterprise, and improves the competitiveness and adaptability of the enterprise at the same time.

Section 1 Double-sided circular knitting machine

The double-sided knitting machine is a large circular machine with two needle cylinders, that is, an upper needle cylinder (commonly known as the dial) and a lower needle cylinder, and they are arranged perpendicular to each other, that is, the needle disk and the needle cylinder are vertically arranged at 90 degrees. It mainly has the following types.

1. Ribbing machine:
The rib knitting machine is a special type of double-sided large circular knitting machine. It has 1+1 needle track (one needle track on dial, one needle track on cylinder), (2+2) needle track, (2+4) needle track and (4+4) needle track. The combination of triangles and knitting needles and the arrangement of yarns are used to weave and produce new knitted fabrics.

2. Ordinary double-sided large circular knitting machine:
Ordinary double-sided circular knitting machine is also called cotton wool machine, multi-function machine, universal knitting machine, etc. It has 1+1 needle track (one needle track for the needle disc, one needle track for the needle cylinder), (2+2) needle tracks, (2 +4) needle track and (4+4) needle track. In order to produce more designs and varieties, the newly introduced circular knitting machine companies mostly use (2+4) needle track circular knitting machines. Production of new knitted fabrics.

3. Jacquard double-sided knitting large circular knitting machine:
Double-sided jacquard knitting circular knitting machine has two types: small jacquard machine and large jacquard machine.

1. Small double-sided jacquard knitting machine:

Small jacquard knitting circular knitting machine is called mechanical jacquard machine in knitting enterprises. It is simple, convenient and fast to change varieties, but the speed is low and the output is low. It has several types of jacquard wheel type (commonly known as faceplate type), pick type (swing type), drum type, insert type, etc. It is used to weave and produce various single-sided small jacquard fabrics. It has ordinary rib, double-sided and shifting. Circle and other small double-sided jacquard machines.

2. Large double-sided jacquard circular knitting machine:

Large-scale double-sided jacquard knitting machine is commonly called computer jacquard circular machine, because it inserts a well-designed floppy disk into the computer and enters the program to carry out knitting production, so it is also called fool’s circular machine. The machine adopts computer program to select knitting needles for knitting, non-knitting and tucking. ), used to weave knitted fabrics with large patterns, and can change the color of the yarn. There are four colors, five colors, six colors and eight colors that can change each other, with large jacquard single side, jacquard hair Jacquard machines for rings, jacquard sweaters, transfer rings, etc.
The computerized jacquard knitting machine greatly shortens the product design cycle, reduces the product cost of the large circular knitting machine, greatly improves the product quality, improves the economic and social benefits of the enterprise, and improves the competitiveness and adaptability of the enterprise at the same time.
In addition, there are some special circular knitting machines, namely circular knitting machines (including knitting and rib knitting machines, single-sided knitting knitting machines, double-sided knitting knitting machines, etc.), double-sided terry knitting machines (that is, both sides of the fabric have terry effect. ), single-sided knitting machine (that is, double-backed large circular knitting machine).

The structure of circular knitting machine

The circular knitting machine is composed of a frame, a yarn feeding mechanism, a transmission mechanism, a lubrication and dust removal (cleaning) mechanism, an electrical control mechanism, a pulling and winding mechanism and other auxiliary devices.

1. Rack part:
The frame type of the large circular knitting machine is composed of three legs (commonly known as the lower legs) and a round (also square) table top. ), and a creel seat is installed on the straight leg. A safety door (also known as a protection door) is installed in the gap between the three lower legs. The rack must be stable and safe. It has the following characteristics:

1. The lower leg adopts a built-in structure, and all the electrical wiring and tools of the motor can be placed in the lower leg, making the machine safe, simple and elegant.
2. The safety door has a reliable function. When the door is opened, the machine will automatically stop running, and at the same time, a warning will be displayed on the operation panel to avoid accidents.

2. Yarn supply mechanism:
Yarn feeding mechanism is also called yarn feeding mechanism, including yarn creel, yarn storage device, yarn feeding nozzle, yarn feeding disc, yarn ring bracket and other components.

1. Creel:
The creel is used to place the yarn. It has two types of umbrella creel (also known as top creel) and floor creel. Umbrella creel occupies a small space, but it cannot receive spare yarn, so it is suitable for small local enterprises. The floor creel has triangular creel and wall creel (also known as two-piece creel). The triangular creel is more convenient to move, and it is more convenient for the operator to thread the yarn; the wall creel is arranged neatly and beautifully, but it takes up a lot of space, and it is also convenient to place spare yarns. It is suitable for enterprises with large workshops.

2. Yarn storage device:
The yarn storage device is used to wind the yarn in three forms: ordinary yarn storage device, elastic yarn storage device (used when spandex bare silk and other fiber yarns are interwoven), and electronic gap yarn storage device (used in jacquard circular knitting machine). Due to the different types of fabrics produced by circular knitting machines, the yarn feeding methods are also different. Generally, there are positive yarn feeding (the yarn is wound on the yarn storage device for 10~20 turns), semi-negative yarn feeding (the yarn is wound on the Winding 1~2 circles on the yarn storage device) and passive yarn feeding (the yarn is not wound on the yarn storage device).

3. Yarn feeder:
Yarn feeder is also called steel shuttle or yarn guide. It is used to feed the yarn directly to the knitting needles. It has many types and shapes, including single-hole yarn feeder, two-hole yarn feeder with one slot, etc.

4. Others:
The sand feeding table is used to control the amount of yarn feeding in the knitting production of the circular knitting machine; the yarn bracket can support the large ring where the yarn storage device is installed.

5. Basic requirements for yarn supply mechanism:
(1) The yarn feeding mechanism must ensure the uniformity and continuity of the yarn feeding amount and tension, and ensure that the size and shape of the loops in the fabric are consistent, so as to obtain flat and beautiful knitted products.
(2) The yarn feeding mechanism should ensure that the yarn feeding tension (yarn tension) is reasonable, so as to reduce the occurrence of defects such as missing stitches on the cloth surface, reduce weaving defects, and ensure the quality of the woven fabric.
(3) The ratio of yarn supply between each weaving system (commonly known as the number of channels) meets the requirements. The amount of yarn supply is easy to adjust (referring to the yarn feeding tray), so as to meet the requirements of eating yarn of different designs and varieties.
(4) The yarn hook must be smooth and free of burrs, so that the yarn can be placed neatly and the tension can be even, effectively preventing yarn breakage.

3. Weaving mechanism:
The knitting mechanism is the heart of the circular knitting machine. It is mainly composed of needle cylinders, knitting needles, cams and cam seats (triangle seats are also called saddles.), sinkers (only available in single-jersey machines) and other components.

1. Syringe:
Most of the needle cylinders used by circular knitting machines are insert type at present, which are used to place knitting needles.

2. Triangle:
Triangle is also called mountain angle and water chestnut. It controls the reciprocating motion of the knitting needle and the sinker in the cylinder groove according to the different needs of the knitting varieties of the large circular knitting machine. There are five types of cams: looping cam (full stitch cam), tuck cam (half stitch cam), floating thread cam (flat stitch cam), anti-string cam (fat flower cam), and pin insertion cam (proofing cam).

3. Sinker:
The sinker, also known as the sinker, is a unique knitting part of the single knitting machine, which is used for normal production with knitting needles.

4. Knitting needles:
Knitting needles are distinguished by the height of the needle of the same model, and its function is to complete the work from yarn to fabric.

5. Triangular seat:

The triangular seat, also known as the saddle, is used to place the triangle.
6. Requirements for knitting parts:
(1) The needle track (commonly known as the runway, which is the groove on the triangle) must be smooth and free of burrs, and the joints between the triangle blocks and the blocks need to be well matched.
(2) The knob on the triangular seat to adjust the needle pressing depth (yarn bending depth) must be flexible and effective.
(3) Ensure that the needle exit height and needle pressing depth of the knitting needle in the needle track can meet the process requirements.
(4) Fourth, the pulling and coiling mechanism:
(5) The function of the pulling and winding mechanism is to pull the knitted fabric woven by the circular knitting machine out of the knitting area, and wind (or fold) it into a certain package form. The pulling and coiling mechanism includes fabric spreading frame (cloth support frame), transmission arm (wall panel), adjusting gear box and other parts. Its characteristics are as follows:
(6) (1) There is an inductive switch under the large plate. When the transmission arm equipped with a cylindrical nail passes somewhere, it will send a signal to measure the cloth rolling data and the number of revolutions of the large circular machine, so as to ensure that the cloth (falling cloth) ) Uniformity of weight.
(7) (2) The cloth rolling speed is controlled by a gear box, with 120 or 176 gears, which can accurately meet the needs of various types of fabric winding tension in a wide range.
(8) (3) On the operation panel, you can set the number of rotations required for each piece of cloth. When the number of rotations of the large circular knitting machine reaches the set value, it will automatically stop, so as to control the weight deviation of each piece of knitted gray fabric at 0.5 Within kilograms.
(9) V. Transmission mechanism:
(10) The transmission mechanism is an infinitely variable speed motor controlled by a leveler. The motor uses a V-belt or a synchronous belt (toothed belt) to drive the driving shaft gear, and at the same time transmits it to the large plate gear, thereby driving the needle cylinder to run with the knitting needles for knitting. The driving shaft extends over the large circular knitting machine to drive the yarn feeding disc to deliver the yarn according to the amount. The transmission mechanism is required to run smoothly and without noise.
(11) 6. Lubrication and dust removal mechanism:
(12) The large circular knitting machine is a precision system that runs at high speed and cooperates with each other. Since the yarn will produce many flying flowers and dust during the weaving process, the central parts that complete the weaving are easy to be blocked by flying flowers, dust and oil stains. , In severe cases, the circular knitting machine will be damaged, so the lubrication and dust removal (cleaning) of the moving parts are very important. The lubrication and dust removal season of circular knitting machine has the following functions and characteristics:
(13) (1) The special oil mist sprayer provides good lubrication for the surface of the braided parts, and the oil level indicator and oil consumption can be seen. When the oil quantity of the fuel injector is insufficient, the large circular machine will automatically stop running and a warning will be issued on the operation panel.
(14) (2) The new electronic is an automatic fuel dispenser, which makes setting and operation more convenient and intuitive.
(15) (3) The radar fan has a wide dust removal area, and can remove impurities such as flying flowers in a wide range from the creel, the yarn storage device to the knitting parts, and avoid the poor yarn supply caused by the entanglement of flying flowers and other impurities.
(16) Seven, electrical control system:
(17) The electrical control system is used to complete the setting of operating parameters, simple button operation, and automatic stop indication for failure.
(18) (1) The control panel is composed of a microcomputer and a highly integrated control circuit, with convenient parameter setting, reliable button operation, and intuitive information display.
(19) (2) The frequency converter is an important part of the electric motor (motor) AC control system, which can achieve the purpose of changing the motor speed by controlling the output frequency. The speed can be adjusted in a wide range, and the start, stop, and slow running performances are set by parameters, which can be fast and stable without impact.
(20) (3) The wiring in the electrical control box is clear and orderly, and the entire box is inside the foot, which can effectively ventilate and prevent dust. The electrical wiring is hidden, taking into account both aesthetics and safety.
(21) 8. Attachment:
(22) When the knitting needle breaks, the probe device will transmit the signal to the control system, and the circular knitting machine will stop in about 0.5 seconds. There is also a cloth probe, and the machine will automatically stop after the sheathing phenomenon occurs on the large circular knitting machine.