The characteristics of REHOW textile machinery are manufacturability, continuity, complete set; high speed, high efficiency, low maintenance; standardization, serialization, generalization; low energy consumption, low noise, low pollution, which are the characteristics and direction of modern textile machinery.
1. Manufacturability
In modern times, people’s understanding of the structure and physical and chemical properties of fibers has continued to deepen, thus creating more and more advanced process methods, which can fully utilize the characteristics of fibers and fabrics. In order to cope with this development, modern textile machinery uses mechanical technology, electrical technology, especially weak current technology to create a wide variety of processing machines with different performances. For example, there are three methods of preparing coated fabrics for industrial use: coating method, rolling method and lamination method, and the designed machines also have three different structures accordingly. Another example is that synthetic fibers have a low affinity for dyes. Aiming at this point, high-temperature (130°C) and high-pressure (2.7 kg/cm) dyeing equipment that can shorten the dyeing time and achieve good color fastness has been created.
2. Continuity
The continuity of textile machinery is subject to the technological process. For example: Spinning No. 20.8-27.8 cotton yarn, the total draft ratio from cotton to spun yarn is 13900-19000 times. The process needs to go through cleaning, carding, drawing, roving, spinning and other processes, so the drafting must be allocated to the corresponding equipment in each process to complete. Another example is the resin processing process (see anti-wrinkle finishing). The fabric is first impregnated with resin in a padding machine, then subjected to high temperature treatment in a baking machine to condense the resin between fibers, and finally soaped and washed in a flat washing machine to remove unsightly stains. The combined resin residues are then dried with a dryer. The whole process is determined by the process requirements, and the processes cannot be reversed, unconditionally omitted or combined.
3. Complete set
The complete set of textile machinery is also subordinate to the craftsmanship. For example, a complete set of machines is configured according to the cotton spinning process, and the sequence of machine types and the fixed relationship between the number of machines are determined by the process requirements. Another example is that the products woven by a loom with a certain working range need to be equipped with cloth inspection, measuring and dyeing and finishing equipment with a corresponding working range, which is also a complete set. Therefore, the complete set of textile machinery exists not only in a factory, but also between factories.
4. High speed
One of the main development characteristics of modern textile machinery is to continuously increase the operating speed of the machine, so as to obtain high output, reduce the number of equipment, reduce the area of the factory building, save investment and labor, and achieve greater results with less money. The figures in Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3 illustrate the trend of high speed of textile machinery.
The main measures to increase the speed of textile machinery are to design the structure of parts more reasonably, to use high-performance materials and to improve processing accuracy.
5. High efficiency
The high efficiency of textile machinery is achieved on the basis of high speed plus corresponding other measures. For example, the successful development of the exhaust cotton box and the automatic leveling device of the carding machine has realized the combination of cleaning and carding, thereby canceling the lapping process and the cleaning and lapping device, saving a lot of handling work and improving efficiency. In worsted wool spinning, the number of pre-spinning processes has been reduced from 7 to 10 in the 1940s to 4 to 7 due to the use of autoleveling devices (see draft autolevelling), which reduces the number of machine configurations, saves plant area, and saves Reduced investment and labor costs. It is another measure to improve the efficiency of textile machinery to gradually replace heavy manual labor and reduce operators with mechanization and automation devices. The modern spinning frame is equipped with an automatic doffing and inserting device, which replaces the heavy manual doffing operation; the automatic piecing device replaces the manual circuit piecing. Textile machinery was originally improved by simulating human movements, and has now become a highly automated machinery with artistry and delicacy. Due to the development of large-scale integrated circuits, microelectronics technology, microprocessors and electronic computers have begun to penetrate into single and complete sets of textile machinery. The high-speed automatic winding machine is equipped with an electronic yarn clearer, which can automatically detect yarn defects and coarse details, automatically cut off and automatically tie knots, and can also interface with a microprocessor for classification statistics of yarn defects and coarse details. The fabric inspection machine equipped with a microprocessor can use the display screen to display the statistics of defect categories, defect locations, the length of each roll of cloth (deducting the bad cloth part) and weight in the form of statistical tables, and it can be inspected in a batch of cloth. After the completion, output the report of the total number of rolls of this batch of cloth, the number of classified defects and the amount of bad cloth deducted, and the results can also be printed out or recorded on tape for future inspection.
6. Save maintenance
Modern textile machinery is designed with full attention to reducing maintenance and prolonging service life. After careful consideration in the selection of materials and the formulation of heat treatment processes, long service life and reliable operation of parts are guaranteed. Some use lubricant to be added once when the components are assembled, and there is no need to refuel for several years; some use detection devices to prevent accidents; some use special processing to make parts have a mirror finish, and so on.
7. Standardization
Another characteristic of textile machinery is the large repetition factor of the same part of each machine. Taking the spinning frame as an example, each machine has 400 spindles and 400 pieces of the same ring and spindle are required to spin 400 yarns at the same time. As for the number of needles used in knitting machines, it is even larger. A high-speed warp knitting machine with a working range of 6.6 meters requires 7280 grooved knitting needles each. The machinery factory that produces these parts needs to design corresponding tools, fixtures, molds and even special multi-station automatic machine tools or special assembly lines according to the batch size of the parts to ensure the high efficiency, high quality and low cost of the production of these parts. The complexity of textile machinery parts is also reflected in the types. Because the processing objects are different, different types of parts need to be designed and manufactured according to different raw materials such as cotton, linen, wool, silk, and chemical fibers. For example, the wool spinning spindle will have a larger size than the cotton spinning spindle, but the structure is similar. For another example, due to the variety of fabric widths, there must be models with the same structural principle and different working ranges. If the above-mentioned parts and machine parameters are allowed to develop arbitrarily, it will have a negative impact on the product design efficiency, production management and production costs of the textile machinery factory, and will increase the equipment management, vulnerable parts storage, maintenance and replacement of the textile machinery factory. workload, and even cause confusion in factory management. The purpose of standardization is to use the main technical parameters as simplified as possible and with appropriate numerical spacing distribution as the design basis for a group of machines with different capacities under the principle of meeting different process requirements. For example, the spinning frame is designed according to the spindle gauge, the loom and dyeing machine according to the working range, and the knitting machine according to the diameter of the cylinder, each forming a serial design.
8. Serialization
In a group of machines designed in series, there are some parts or components that have nothing to do with the parameters of the machine series, which can be applied to each machine of this series within a certain range, such as the head part of the spinning machine, the parts of the lifting part, etc. In addition, some components perform the same function on different models, such as cloth guide rollers and rolls of printing and dyeing machines. These parts are called universal parts or universal devices, and they are further developed into universal unit machines in printing and dyeing machines.
9. Generalization
In the design of mechanical products, in addition to using general-purpose parts, general-purpose devices, and general-purpose unit machines as much as possible, people also consciously correct the structural layout and implement the principle of generalization as much as possible. The standardization, serialization, and generalization of textile machinery have begun to cross the borders between countries and become internationalized. For example, parts of drafting mechanism, knitting needles, card clothing, etc., have adopted the same parameters in many countries.
10. Low energy consumption
The energy saving of textile machinery focuses on dyeing and finishing equipment, because there is great potential in this area. For example, on a flat washing machine with an hourly output of 1,000 kg, the use of waste water with a discharge temperature of 98°C to heat the fresh water required by itself can save tens of thousands of yuan per year based on a single shift. The jet dyeing machine can reduce the dye-to-bath ratio from 1:20-1:30 of ordinary dyeing machines to 1:5-1:15, and the dyeing time can be shortened by 50%. Although the spraying of the dye solution in the machine requires a large-capacity pump to increase power consumption, the total energy is still saved. Transfer printing has been applied to actual production in the 1970s. It is characterized by low emission, energy saving and less pollution. Using solvent sizing can reduce water consumption and energy consumption.
11. Low noise
The public hazards produced by textile machinery mainly include noise, dust, toxic and harmful gases and waste water containing harmful substances. There are two reasons for this: equipment factors and process factors. Noise is a kind of mechanical vibration wave with air as the carrier. In most workshops of textile mills, especially in weaving workshops, there is a lot of mechanical noise. Measures that can be taken in textile machinery include: lining the inner wall of the shell with sound-absorbing materials, replacing the chain drive and gear drive with a flexible toothed drive belt, improving the accuracy and dynamic balance of moving parts, and connecting high-speed parts and racks. Install damping washers, etc. However, some noise reduction measures also bring negative factors, such as the inconvenience of operation and maintenance after installing the soundproof cover. Creatively improving mechanical design is the fundamental measure to reduce noise. For example, the noise of shuttleless looms (see weaving) has gradually approached the requirements of environmental protection. In order to reduce the dust in the process of equipment operation, the design of the textile machine can be improved, such as improving the sealing of the outer cover, or the air conditioner can be used to absorb the dusty air in the workshop for centralized filtration, and then send the fresh air back to the workshop; or use a secondary dust filter The equipment is used for cotton cleaning, carding, combing and other machines to filter the dusty air and recycle the waste to make the air meet the requirements of environmental protection regulations.
12. Low pollution
In addition, the change in the composition of textile machinery materials is also a feature of the development of modern textile machinery. Cast iron was originally the main structural material of textile machinery, because it is rich in resources, cheap, easy to process, and can be cast into complex shapes. It is relatively corrosion-resistant and has good shock absorption. , Alloy die castings are replaced, and the percentage of weight in each machine is significantly reduced. Wood was originally the main structural material of textile machinery. Due to excessive deforestation and resource shortage, it was gradually replaced by engineering plastics and light metals. Composite engineering plastics have excellent properties that wood does not have, such as high strength, corrosion resistance, water resistance, Weather resistance, wear resistance, etc. High-quality steel is also more often used as materials for transmission shafts, gear blanks, connecting rods, and cams. In order to resist acidic corrosion of dyeing materials and high-temperature corrosion of organic matter, dyeing and finishing machinery mostly uses nickel-chromium stainless steel containing molybdenum and titanium as containers, machine room walls, cloth guide rollers and other parts in contact with fabrics and media. Chemical fiber machinery more widely uses heat-resistant and acid-resistant advanced alloy steel to make spinnerets, screw extruders, metering pumps and other parts in contact with polymers and parts that work in liquids containing organic solvents at high temperatures.
Post time: May-14-2023
